導讀:

豪華郵輪和客輪是德國造船領先全球造船工業的最后一塊陣地。根據2015年年底數據統計，豪華郵輪和客輪建造占到德國所有造船產品的61%以上。目前中國船廠厲兵秣馬揮師進軍豪華郵輪和客輪讓德國造船倍感壓力。

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? ? 德國造船工業協會主席Harald Fassmer在剛剛過去的今夏德國造船工業大會上說，中國將在未來5年內建造豪華郵輪，并在此以后可以媲美德國建造的豪華郵輪。盡管德國船廠非常專業化，不懼怕競爭，但是德國造船工業要持續改進產品和工藝， 抓住每個機會強化德國在海事領域的優勢地位。

豪華郵輪和客輪是德國造船領先全球造船工業的最后一塊陣地。根據2015年年底數據統計，豪華郵輪和客輪建造占到德國所有造船產品的61%以上。目前中國船廠厲兵秣馬揮師進軍豪華郵輪和客輪讓德國造船倍感壓力。

2016年10月7日Marinelink?報道，2015年全球造船工業訂單驟降至2013年的一半的水平，2016年造船市場更是雪上加霜。德國是中國、韓國和日本三個世界造船大國船舶配套產品的主要供應國。歐洲造船市場今年新造船訂單額達70億美元，占世界的63%，彌補了亞洲新造船訂單變少導致的對德國船舶配套產品需求的減少。

德國船廠逆勢全球趨勢，2015年達到50億歐元，2015年與2013年相比幾乎翻了一番，2016年訂單量達到的2015年同期水平。德國造船業取得的成功，得益于生產的產品的技術優勢、高可靠性的高品質產品，這是其他國家幾十年時間內難以仿制出來的。

德國造船協會也公布了一些新的有利于本國造船出口的政策，以及建立新的海事研究中心等。

德國造船業介紹：德國船廠在2015年市場相對較好，100%訂單都是出口，并且多數船廠還有手持訂單。2015年有12個新造船訂單，一半發生在2015年最后一個季度，價值約為是54億美元。相比2014年的750，000CGT，2015年增長25%，但比2014年（16艘）略低。訂單總噸(435,000 CGT)比2014年低，但比2013年高。在2015年交付大約25億美元，比2014年略低。此外，交付了3艘海上風電平臺，價值大約為3.3億美元。

到2015年12月5日訂單為43艘船，價值144億美元，是自2009年以來最高的一年。在2016年前4個月，訂單為9艘價值14億美元，這不包括2016年5月與馬來西亞云頂集團簽訂的10艘價值38億美元訂單。

VSM: Collapse in demand dampens expectations for the current year

The global shipbuilding industry continued its downturn in 2015 with the number of new orders halved compared to 2013 level. The year 2016 is shaping up to be even worse.

The?“Big Three”shipbuilding nations China, Korea and Japan are major customers to the world leading maritime equipment and system producers from Germany. The fact that the domestic supply chain has been generating more than half of its sales within Europe will come in as an important stabilizing factor to weather the current storm: according to Clarksons Research, more than $7 billion worth of orders for newbuilding projects went to Europe this year, a world market share of 63 percent. Furthermore, the current low ordering activity in Asian comprises mainly shipowners with fixed employment for their newbuilding projects. These customers tend to pay more attention to quality equipment, which is why the success rate of German equipment makers has significantly increased for the few remaining projects.

Nevertheless, the total demand in numbers remains low and causes major challenges also in the German maritime community.

German shipyards bucked the global trend by nearly doubling their order intake reaching nearly?€5 billion in 2015 compared to 2013. A similar order of magnitude was recorded also for 2016 to date.

“This great success of the maritime sector of the German industry has its origins in our customers’exceptionally high expectations. The high degree of complexity of the products manufactured here requires large numbers of highly specialised experts. Hundreds of companies, all of them extremely reliable, must be coordinated perfectly to work towards a common goal and jointly ensure the success of the given project. These kinds of structures have grown in Germany over decades and cannot easily be replicated in other countries,”said VSM President Harald Fassmer, CEO of the shipyard Fassmer Werft GmbH, describing the situation during the press conference held on occasion of the annual VSM General assembly meeting.

“But there is no time to be complacent. We must relentlessly continue in our efforts to further improve products and processes. We have to seize every opportunity to jointly safeguard Germany as a stronghold of the maritime industry. It is therefore essential that we all come together as one industry and one community,”said Fassmer in a compelling appeal.

Even if the German shipyards, based on their specialization, are not afraid of the competition?–a concerned look went to Asia:?“China will build vessels for their own required cruise market within the next five years”, stated VSM-Chief Fassmer,?“Until then they will not be better than German shipyards.”

Inspired by the same vision, VSM has launched and is driving new initiatives, including, in particular the German Maritime Export Initiative (GeMaX) as well as efforts to fos-ter innovation by establishing a new Maritime Research Coordination Center (Deutsches Maritimes Zentrum, DMZ).

“These activities demonstrate that the industry is doing its homework,”adds VSM General Manager Reinhard Lüken,?“but we also need back up by policy makers. The idea of launching a maritime agenda for Germany is therefore a great opportunity.”

Policy initiatives include efforts to foster LNG as maritime fuel, an active trade policy to improve market access and fight against market distortions as well as support for the naval defense industry base.

The German Shipbuilding Industry

Based upon the concentration of the German shipyards in innovative and promising markets?–such as the passenger vessel and yacht shipbuilding?–the order situation in 2015 was relatively good. Around 100 percent of the order income, deliveries and backlog with seagoing vessels have been dedicated to export, and many shipyards have built a comfortable order cushion for the coming years. But between the different companies are significant differences.

Twelve newbuilds were ordered in German shipyards in 2015?–with half of it generated in the last quarter alone?–valued at approximately $5.4 billion. Incoming orders with regard to tonnage increased 25% compared to 2014 to 750,000 CGT (Compensated Gross Tonnage), but the number of deliveries (16 vessels) was lower than in 2014. The tonnage (435,000 CGT) was also lower than one year before, but higher than the total tonnage in 2013. The value of the deliveries in 2015 was in total around $2.5 billion?–also somewhat lower than in 2014. In addition, three platforms for the offshore wind industry, valued at $330 million, have been delivered.

By the end of December 2015 43 vessels, valued at about $14.4 billion, (the highest contract value since 2009) were on the order books of German shipyards. The tonnage with 2 million CGT is higher than in 2014. Two additional orders for new buildings of plants and platforms for the offshore wind industry increased the total order backlog of the shipyards to $14.8 billion.

According to the German Federal Statistical Office, sales at the German shipyards (taking into account shipyards with a minimum of 50 employees from all market segments, including naval ship building, repair/modification, as well as boats, yacht and inland waterway shipbuilding) were down 20% to $5.6 billion (compared to $7.1 billion in 2014). At the same time, the number of employees increased 3% to 18,042.

During the first four month of 2016 orders received the national yards totaled nine vessels valued at $1.4 billion. This does not include the orders about 10 vessels from the Malaysian Genting Group, because this order, valued $3.8 billion, was placed in May 2016.

(As published in the August 2016 edition of Maritime Reporter & Engineering News)

來源：國際船舶海工網